BSF personnel keep vigil at the India-Bangladesh international Border on the eve of the Independence Day, at Chatrahati in South Dinajpur district of West Bengal .
| Photo Credit: ANI

A retired judge of Bangladesh’s Supreme Court was detained from the northeastern frontier with India in Sylhet while he was allegedly attempting to flee the country, the Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) said late on Friday (August 23, 2024).

The report came hours after the arrest of Awami League leader ASM Firoz from his residence.

Watch: The story of Sheikh Hasina

The BGB headquarters, in an SMS, informed reporters that they have detained former apex appellate division judge of the Supreme Court Shamsuddin Chowdhury Manik as he was trying to cross over to India through Sylhet’s Kanaighat border.

Newspaper Prothom Alo said Manik was kept at a BGB outpost till midnight citing the camp’s in-charge.

Bangladesh descended into chaos after ousted premier Sheikh Hasina’s government collapsed and she fled to India on August 5 amid violent protests over quota for government jobs, while the Army stepped in to fill the power vacuum.

Before that, anti-government protests had killed more than 500 people since mid-July. Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus took oath as the Chief Adviser of the interim government on August 8.

Since August 5, a number of leaders of the deposed regime, including senior ministers, have been arrested — many of them on murder charges.

The Bangladesh Army has earlier said that several hundred leaders of Hasina’s Awami League and others have been sheltered in cantonments as their lives were at risk.

Former law minister Anisul Huq and the ex-premier’s private sector affairs adviser Salman F Rahman were the first to be arrested from Dhaka’s main river port Sadarghat terminal area as they were allegedly trying to leave Dhaka on a boat.

A number of members of Hasina’s cabinet, including former foreign minister Hassan Mahmud and former social welfare minister Dipu Moni, several lawmakers and leaders of Awami League and its allies, including pro-left Workers Party chairman Rashed Khan Menon, and a number of recently sacked military and civil officials have been arrested.

This included sacked major general Ziaul Hassan, who was serving as the head of the government’s telecommunications system, and Chittagong Port Authority chairman rear admiral Mohammad Sohail, who once was the spokesman of the elite anti-crime Rapid Action Battalion.

A TV journalist couple Farzana Rupa and her husband Shakil Ahmed have also been arrested.

police van transports protesters to the court, after their arrest in Dhaka on July 23, 2024. The number of arrests in days of violence in Bangladesh passed the 2,500 mark in an AFP tally on July 23, after protests over employment quotas sparked widespread unrest.
| Photo Credit: AFP

The number of arrests in days of violence in Bangladesh passed the 2,500 mark on July 23, after protests over employment quotas sparked widespread unrest.

At least 174 people have died, including several police officers, according to a separate count of victims reported by police and hospitals.

What began as demonstrations against politicised admission quotas for sought-after government jobs snowballed last week into some of the worst unrest of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s tenure.

A curfew was imposed and soldiers deployed across the South Asian country. A nationwide Internet blackout drastically restricted the flow of information.

The student group leading the demonstrations suspended its protests on Monday for 48 hours, with its leader saying they had not wanted reform “at the expense of so much blood”.

Nahid Islam — who said he feared for his life — extended the halt on July 23 evening by another 48 hours, taking it to July 26.

Restrictions remained in place after the army chief said the situation had been brought “under control”.

The Telecommunications Minister said broadband Internet would be restored on Tuesday evening, although he made no mention of mobile Internet — a key communication method for protest organisers.

And officials said an afternoon break in the curfew would be extended to five hours on July 24 to help citizens obtain daily necessities, with banks re-opening for the first time.

There was a heavy military presence in Dhaka, with bunkers set up at some intersections and key roads blocked with barbed wire.

But more people were on the streets, as were hundreds of rickshaws.

“I did not drive rickshaws the first few days of curfew, But today I didn’t have any choice,” rickshaw driver Hanif said.

“If I don’t do it, my family will go hungry.”

Nahid, the head of Students Against Discrimination, the main group organising the protests, said there would be no protests during the 48-hour extension.

“Our demand is the government restore the internet, withdraw the curfew, reopen campuses and protect the students protesters”, he said, including “returning” four missing co-ordinators from his organisation.

While order has largely been restored across Bangladesh, Mubashar Hasan, a Sydney-based expert on Bangladeshi politics, told AFP the crackdown would further taint the government’s global image.

It would be “perceived further as a government that not only criminalises politics, it uses its own security forces to shoot down protesters, its own citizens”.

‘Killed at random’

The authorities’ response to the protests has been widely criticised.

“Young people are being killed at random every day. Hospitals do not reveal the number of wounded and dead,” Bangladeshi Nobel Peace Prize laureate Muhammad Yunus told AFP.

The respected 84-year-old economist is credited with lifting millions out of poverty with his pioneering microfinance bank but Hasina has accused him of “sucking blood” from the poor.

The United Nations said it had expressed “serious concern” to Bangladesh authorities over “disturbing reports” of vehicles with UN markings being used during the crackdown. Bangladesh is a key contributor to UN peacekeeping missions and has such equipment in its military inventories.

Government officials have repeatedly blamed the protesters and opposition for the unrest.

More than 1,200 people were detained over the course of the violence— nearly half the 2,580 total— were held in Dhaka and its rural and industrial areas, according to police officials who spoke to AFP.

Almost 600 were arrested in Chittagong and its rural areas, with hundreds more detentions tallied in districts across the country.

Entrenched hold on power

With around 18 million young people in Bangladesh out of work, according to government figures, the June reintroduction of the quota scheme— halted since 2018— deeply upset graduates facing an acute jobs crisis.

With protests mounting, the Supreme Court curtailed on Sunday the number of reserved jobs from 56 percent of all positions to seven percent, mostly for the children and grandchildren of “freedom fighters” from the 1971 war.

The decision fell short of protesters’ demands to scrap the “freedom fighter” category altogether.

Ms. Hasina’s spokesman told AFP late on July 22 she had approved a government order putting the Supreme Court’s judgement into effect.

Critics say the quota is used to stack public jobs with loyalists to Hasina’s Awami League.

Ms. Hasina, 76, has ruled the country since 2009 and won her fourth consecutive election in January after a vote without genuine opposition.

Her government is also accused by rights groups of misusing state institutions to entrench its hold on power and stamp out dissent, including by the extrajudicial killing of opposition activists.