Image used for representational purpose.
| Photo Credit: Reuters

Business activity in India expanded at a faster clip this month from May thanks to gains in manufacturing and services, according to a business survey that also showed the pace of job creation was at its strongest in over 18 years.

Robust gains in both sectors at the end of the first fiscal quarter meant a strong start to India’s economy this financial year after it expanded by 8.2% last year – the fastest expansion among major countries – partly led by buoyant manufacturing.

HSBC’s flash India Composite Purchasing Managers’ Index , compiled by S&P Global, rose to 60.9 in June from last month’s final reading of 60.5.

That marked nearly three years above the 50-level separating growth from contraction on a monthly basis.

“The composite flash PMI ticked up in June, supported by rises in both the manufacturing and service sectors, with the former recording a faster pace of growth,” noted Maitreyi Das, global economist at HSBC.

The manufacturing index showed bigger gains to 58.5 from 57.5 in May while the dominant services industry’s reading rose slightly to 60.4 this month from 60.2, adding to the continued expansion in India even as the global economy slows.

That was backed by a strong expansion in both manufacturing output and orders as well as business gains among services firms.

New export orders expanded for a 22nd consecutive month in June and remained robust, though the pace eased slightly after record growth last month.

Robust demand prompted companies to hire more people, with overall employment generation rising at the fastest pace since April 2006. Job creation among manufacturers was higher than in the services sector.

Boosting jobs will remain the biggest challenge for the Narendra Modi government which got elected for a rare third term earlier this month, a Reuters poll showed.

Meanwhile, price increases at firms have eased since May, boding well for the outlook on retail inflation. Rises in services input costs eased to a four-month low, while the pace of increases in prices charged to clients was broadly unchanged.

“Input cost inflation eased slightly in June, but remained elevated with panellists citing increases in labour and material costs. The output price index suggests manufacturing firms were able to pass on higher costs to customers,” added Ms. Das.

“Optimism about future output weakened in June, but remained above the historical average.”

Even though business optimism weakened to a three-month low, the outlook for the coming year remained positive as companies expect output gains based on proposals in the pipeline, efficiency gains and forecasts for favourable exchange rates.

A similar easing was recorded in pulses, whose prices rose 17.7% in March, 2024, from 18.5% in February.
| Photo Credit: Sushil Kumar Verma

India’s retail inflation moderated to a ten-month low of 4.85% in March from 5.1% in February, but food inflation remained sticky at 8.52%, little changed from the 8.66% recorded in the previous month as price rise accelerated in cereals and meat, while vegetables, pulses, spices and eggs remained in double-digit inflation.

While inflation for urban consumers cooled significantly from 4.8% in February to 4.14% in March, rural consumers had it harder as they experienced a slightly higher inflation of 5.45% in March compared with 5.34% in the previous month.

This trend was visible in the extent of food price rise as well, as it accelerated from 8.3% in February to 8.6% in March for rural India, while the food inflation for urban consumers dropped from 9.2% in February to 8.35% last month.

On a month-on-month basis, there was no change in the Consumer Price Index but the food price index inched up about 0.2% and economists reckoned that the ongoing heat wave could spike food inflation in coming months. Even as crude oil prices are firming up and an inflation spike in the US may delay hopes of interest rate cuts from the Federal Reserve, sticky food inflation at home could further dampen prospects of rate cuts from India’s central bank.

While March’s inflation rate is still aloof from the bank’s stated 4% target, average retail price rise in the last quarter of 2023-24 has been 5.01%, in line with the 5% average projected by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

The RBI, which last week called Inflation the elephant in the room that needs to return to the forest for good, expects retail inflation to ease to an average 4.5% this year from the 5.4% clocked in 2023-24. The ongoing April to June quarter is, however, expected to see an average inflation of 4.9%, as per the RBI.

Within the food basket, vegetables’ inflation cooled marginally from the seven-month high of 30.25% in February to 28.3% last month. A similar easing was recorded in pulses, whose prices rose 17.7% in March from 18.5% in February, eggs (up 10.33% from 10.7%), sugar (up 7.25% compared with 7.5% in February.

Also read | What causes inflation in India: Demand or supply issues? | Data 

However, the price rise in cereals spiked to 8.4% in March from 7.6% in the previous month, and rose to 6.4% for meat and fish, from 5.2% a month earlier. Spices inflation remained over double digits at 11.4%, moderating from 13.5% in February.

Food prices continue to be under pressure with cereals, vegetables, spices and pulses seeing high inflation and the present heat wave poses an upside risk,” said Bank of Baroda economist Madan Sabnavis, who added that recent price hikes by fast moving consumer goods firms is another monitorable.

Although inflation in household goods and services, as well as health and education, eased slightly from February levels, personal care and effects prices surged at a faster pace of over 6% in March from 5.2% the previous month.

“While core inflation continues to moderate, we remain wary of the heatwaves going ahead which could keep food inflation elevated and volatile in the summer months,” said Upasna Bhardwaj, chief economist at Kotak Mahindra Bank. Ms. Bhardwaj expects any possible interest rate cuts only in the latter half of this fiscal year, depending on monsoons’ performance, the trajectory of crude oil prices and the timing of the US Fed’s rate easing cycle.

Rating agency ICRA expects food and beverages inflation, which was 7.8% in March, to persist over 7% in April as well. “An intensification of the impending heatwave may worsen the seasonal uptick in prices of perishables, heightening the criticality of a favourable monsoon this year to keep food inflation in check and anchor inflationary expectations,” its chief economist Aditi Nayar stressed.