President-elect Prabowo Subianto waves to journalists as he leaves his residence on the day of his inauguration, in Jakarta, on October 20, 2024.
| Photo Credit: Reuters

Prabowo Subianto was inaugurated Sunday as the eighth President of the world’s most populous Muslim-majority nation, completing his journey from an ex-General accused of rights abuses during the dark days of Indonesia’s military dictatorship to the Presidential palace.

The former Defense Minister, who turned 73 on Thursday, was cheered through the streets by thousands of waving supporters after taking his oath on the Quran, the Muslim holy book, in front of lawmakers and foreign dignitaries.

Editorial | A strongman at the helm: On Indonesia’s presidential election  

Leaders and senior officials from more than 40 countries flew in to attend the ceremony in the capital, Jakarta, including from the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Saudi Arabia, Russia, South Korea, China, Australia and fellow Southeast Asian nations.

Mr. Subianto was a longtime rival of the immensely popular President Joko Widodo, who ran against him for the Presidency twice and refused to accept his defeat on both occasions, in 2014 and 2019.

But Mr. Widodo appointed Mr. Subianto as defense chief after his reelection, paving the way for an alliance despite their rival political parties. During the campaign,Mr. Subianto ran as the popular outgoing President’s heir, vowing to continue signature policies like the construction of a multibillion-dollar new capital city and limits on exporting raw materials intended to boost domestic industry.

Backed by Mr. Widodo, Mr. Subianto swept to a landslide victory in February’s direct presidential election on promises of policy continuity.

Mr. Subianto was sworn in with his new vice president, 37-year-old Surakarta ex-Mayor Gibran Rakabuming Raka. He chose Mr. Raka, who is Mr. Widodo’s son, as his running mate, with Mr. Widodo favoring Mr. Subianto over the candidate of his own former party. The former rivals became tacit allies, even though Indonesian presidents don’t typically endorse candidates.

But how he’ll govern the biggest economy in Southeast Asia — where nearly 90% of Indonesia’s 282 million people are Muslims — remains uncertain after a campaign in which he made few concrete promises besides continuity with the popular former president.

Mr. Subianto, who comes from one of the country’s wealthiest families, is a sharp contrast to Mr. Widodo, the first Indonesian president to emerge from outside the political and military elite who came from a humble background and as president often mingled with working-class crowds.

Mr. Subianto was a special forces commander until he was expelled by the army in 1998 over accusations that he played a role in the kidnappings and torture of activists and other abuses. He never faced trial and went into self-imposed exile in Jordan in 1998, although several of his underlings were tried and convicted.

Jordanian King Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein was expected to attend Sunday’s ceremony, but canceled at the last minute because of escalating Middle East tensions, instead deciding to send Foreign Affairs Minister Nancy Namrouqa as his special envoy. Subianto and Abdullah met in person in June for talks in Amman on humanitarian assistance to people affected by the war in Gaza.

Mr. Subianto, who has never held elective office, will lead a massive, diverse archipelago nation whose economy has boomed amid strong global demand for its natural resources. But he’ll have to contend with global economic distress and regional tensions in Asia, where territorial conflicts and the U.S.-China rivalry loom large.